Ink is a complex medium consisting of comprising solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescers, and other materials.
A more recent development in dye-based inks are dyes that react with cellulose to permanently color the paper. Such inks are not affected by water, alcohol, and other solvents. As such, their use is recommended to prevent frauds that involve removing signatures, such as check washing. Currently this kind of ink is most often offered for use in fountain pens.
Fountain pen inks are water-based inks intended for use with fountain pens. Fountain pen ink is basically water with dyes and other chemicals required for proper function.
I can't find anything about how the ink is made, or its specific ingredients. Biro ink is more viscous (thicker)than fountain pen ink. It is not water-based.
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